Introduction
Dystocia, or difficult delivery, is a challenging situation that can arise in canine pregnancies, particularly in brachycephalic breeds like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boston Terriers. These breeds are more prone to dystocia due to their large head and shoulder size. As a pet science blog author, I’ve witnessed the impact of dystocia on both the mother and her puppies, and it’s crucial to understand how to identify and manage this condition effectively.
Understanding Dystocia
Dystocia can be caused by various factors, including the size of the fetus, the size of the dam’s pelvis, malposition of the fetus, uterine inertia, or the breed itself. Recognizing the signs of dystocia is essential for timely intervention. Here are some scenarios that may indicate dystocia:
- Strong contractions for 30-60 minutes without delivering a puppy
- More than 4-6 hours between puppies, with more still in the uterus
- Failure to start delivery within 24 hours of the temperature dropping below 99 F
- Excessive crying or licking the vulvar area during whelping
- Gestation lasting longer than 70 days from the first breeding or more than 60 days from the first day of diestrus
It’s important to note that Stage 1 labor can last 3-24 hours without strong abdominal contractions.
Diagnosis and Management
A physical examination, including abdominal palpation and a vaginal exam, is necessary to diagnose dystocia. X-rays can help determine the number of fetuses, their position, and their size in relation to the dam’s pelvic size. If the puppies appear to fit through the birth canal and are not malpositioned, the dam may be given time to deliver on her own. Oxytocin may be administered if indicated, and fluid therapy with calcium or glucose may be necessary if eclampsia or hypoglycemia are present.
In cases where the puppies are large or numerous, a decision to perform a cesarean section may be made based on each individual case.
Assisting with Delivery
If a puppy is partly born but stuck in the birth canal, gentle outward and downward pressure may be applied in time with the dam’s contractions. Be cautious to avoid injury to the dam or the puppy. If gentle pulling does not result in delivery, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Reviving Newborn Puppies
A puppy that has had a difficult birth may be weak or not breathing. The placenta should be removed, and the puppy held with its head pointing down to help keep fluid out of the lungs. A bulb syringe can be used to clear the airways, and the puppy should be stimulated to breathe by rubbing it with a cloth. CPR may be necessary for a non-breathing puppy for at least 5 minutes.
Conclusion
Dystocia is a serious condition that requires prompt attention and intervention. As a pet parent, it’s essential to be aware of the signs and seek veterinary assistance if you suspect your dog is experiencing dystocia. Early intervention can save the lives of both the mother and her puppies. Remember, the well-being of your furry family members is paramount, and taking the necessary steps to ensure their safety is a responsibility we all share.
References
- Cain, J; Lawler, D. Small Animal Reproduction and Pediatrics. Pro-Visions Pet Specialty Enterprises. St. Louis, MO; 1991.
- Ettinger, SF. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia, PA; 1989.
- Evans, JM; White, K. Book of the Bitch. Howell Book House. New York, NY; 1997.
- Feldman, E; Nelson, R. Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia, PA; 1987.
- Finder Harris, B. Breeding a Litter: The Complete Book of Prenatal and Postnatal Care. Howell Book House. New York, NY; 1993.
- Holst, P. Canine Reproduction: A Breeder’s Guide. Alpine Publications. Loveland, CO; 1985.
- Lee, M. Whelping and Rearing of Puppies. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Neptune City, NJ.
- Plunkett, SJ. Emergency Procedures for the Small Animal Veterinarian. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia, PA; 1993.
End of Article
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