Introduction
Introduction
Hot spots, or acute moist dermatitis, are a common yet distressing skin condition that can affect our furry friends, particularly those with long or dense coats. As a pet science blog author who has witnessed the discomfort caused by hot spots in my own dogs, I understand the urgency in addressing this issue. In this article, I’ll share insights into the causes, occurrence, treatment, and prevention of hot spots, drawing from both scientific facts and personal experiences.
Description and Cause
Hot spots typically affect dogs with long hair or dense undercoats and are often triggered by a local allergic reaction to specific antigens, such as insect bites, particularly from fleas. However, other factors can contribute to the development of hot spots, including:
- Allergies: Inhalant allergies (atopy) and food allergies
- Mites: Sarcoptes scabei or Cheyletiella
- Ear infections
- Poor grooming practices
- Burs or plant awns
- Hip dysplasia or other forms of arthritis and degenerative joint disease
- Anal gland disease
Hot spots manifest as circular, moist, raw, inflamed, and hairless lesions, often found on the head, over the hip, or along the chest. These lesions can be quite painful and may worsen due to the dog’s natural instinct to lick, bite, or scratch the affected area.
Occurrence
Interestingly, hot spots are less common in colder winter temperatures and can affect both indoor and outdoor dogs equally. Many dogs may experience multiple hot spots throughout their lives, but this condition is not chronic. A hot spot can appear suddenly, be treated, and disappear within a week, with the possibility of new lesions appearing later in the same season or in subsequent years.
Treatment
Effective treatment of hot spots involves addressing both the growth of the lesion and the underlying cause. Identifying and treating the initial cause, such as fleas, ear infections, or anal gland infections, is crucial while simultaneously treating the hot spot.
The treatment process typically begins with clipping the hair over and around the lesion to allow air circulation and facilitate treatment. The lesion is then cleaned with a non-irritating solution, such as dilute Nolvasan solution. Desiccating powders, like Burows solution, are applied to promote healing. In severe cases, oral antibiotics, painkillers, and anti-inflammatories may be prescribed.
Preventing further trauma to the area is also essential. Elizabethan collars can be used if the lesion is on the dog’s head, and clipping nails or using socks on hind feet can reduce trauma from scratching.
Prevention
Preventing hot spots in dogs prone to recurrent issues involves several proactive measures:
- Keeping the dog’s hair clipped short during summer
- Administering frequent medicated baths
- Following a strict flea control program
- Regularly cleaning the ears and expressing anal glands as needed, depending on the location of the hot spot
Conclusion
Hot spots, while uncomfortable and sometimes painful, can be effectively managed with proper understanding, treatment, and prevention strategies. As a pet owner who has experienced the distress of hot spots in my own dogs, I can attest to the importance of timely intervention and ongoing care. By staying informed and vigilant, we can help our furry companions enjoy a healthier, happier life.
Author’s Note
This article is written by Marty Smith, DVM, with a touch of personal anecdotes and a commitment to providing well-rounded, scientifically-backed information for pet parents.