A Comprehensive Guide to Insulin Administration for Pets

Insulin Concentrations and Syringes

Insulin is a critical component in managing diabetes in dogs. It’s available in concentrations of 40, 100, and 500 units per milliliter. The syringe you choose should match the concentration of the insulin. For instance, a U-40 syringe is designed for insulin at 40 U/ml. Using an incompatible syringe could lead to incorrect dosages, which can be dangerous. It’s always wise to consult with your veterinarian or pharmacist for the right syringe types available for your dog’s insulin concentration.

Storage and Handling of Insulin

Proper storage is key to maintaining the efficacy of insulin. Insulin vials, featuring a glass body and a rubber stopper, should be kept refrigerated and never used past their expiration date. This ensures the insulin remains potent and safe for use.

Measuring Insulin Dosage

Insulin dosage is measured in units, and it’s crucial to use the unit scale on the syringe. The syringe should be matched to the insulin concentration being used. An insulin syringe typically consists of a barrel, plunger, needle, and needle guard. Some brands have a permanently attached needle for convenience. Before drawing insulin from the vial, gently roll the vial between your palms to mix and warm the contents—shaking is not recommended as it can introduce air bubbles.

1. Hold the vial stopper-side-down, remove the needle guard, and insert the needle through the rubber stopper.
2. Draw the insulin into the syringe, then inject it back into the vial once before drawing the correct dose to ensure accuracy.
3. Recheck the amount of insulin withdrawn to confirm the correct dosage.
4. Remove the syringe from the vial and replace the needle guard.
5. Return the insulin to the refrigerator.

Administering an Insulin Injection

Practicing with an orange and water can help familiarize you with the injection process. It’s important to keep a record of each insulin injection time to prevent double dosing. When giving an injection:

1. Consider having someone assist you, distracting your dog with a toy or treat to keep them calm.
2. Remove the needle guard from the syringe filled with the correct dose of insulin.
3. Select a new injection site each time, such as a fold of skin along your dog’s back or shoulders.
4. Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle, ensuring it doesn’t pass through the skin fold or into your finger.
5. Pull back on the plunger slightly to check for blood (signifying a blood vessel), then administer the insulin.
6. Withdraw the needle and replace the needle guard.
7. Reward your dog with affection or a small treat, and always talk soothingly to them.
8. Record the injection time on a designated calendar.
9. Dispose of the syringe and needle in a puncture-resistant container, following local regulations.

If a dose is incomplete (e.g., leakage or injection into air), do not administer more insulin. Wait until the next scheduled dose to avoid a potentially fatal overdose.