As a pet science blogger, I’ve always been fascinated by the intricacies of our feline friends’ anatomy. The spine, in particular, is a marvel of nature’s engineering. Comprised of numerous vertebrae, it extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail, allowing for a range of motion and flexibility. The intervertebral discs, made of cartilage, cushion each bone and facilitate this movement. Above these discs lies the spinal cord, a vital pathway for nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
What is Discospondylitis?
Discospondylitis, sometimes spelled ‘diskospondylitis’ or referred to as ‘vertebral osteomyelitis,’ is a condition that affects the vertebrae and intervertebral discs in cats. It is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, leading to inflammation, swelling, and potential bone deformities. This can result in pressure on the spinal cord, which may cause a range of symptoms and complications.
Causes of Discospondylitis
While the exact cause can vary, one common factor is the presence of plant awns, such as grass seeds or fox tails. These can introduce bacteria or fungi into the bloodstream when they pierce the skin. Other potential sources of infection include bacterial endocarditis, urinary tract infections, or dental issues like disease or extractions.
Symptoms of Discospondylitis
Cats with discospondylitis may exhibit a range of symptoms, including weight loss, a lack of appetite, depression, fever, and back pain. They may be reluctant to run or jump, appear incoordinated or lame, and show signs of pain over the affected area. In severe cases, paralysis can occur.
Diagnosis of Discospondylitis
Diagnosing discospondylitis can be challenging and typically requires a combination of blood tests, urinalysis, radiographs (x-rays), and spinal taps. Cultures of blood and urine may be performed to identify the cause of the infection. Myelography might be necessary to pinpoint the location of spinal compression, and in some cases, surgery may be required to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord.
Treatment of Discospondylitis
Treatment focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying cause—whether fungal or bacterial. Due to the difficulty in treating bone infections, therapy can last from six weeks to six months or more. Regular radiographs are essential for monitoring progress. Clinical improvement is usually seen within two weeks of starting treatment, and pain medication may be necessary. Exercise restriction can also help reduce pain.
Prognosis and Outlook
The prognosis for cats with discospondylitis depends on the effectiveness of the treatment in eliminating the infection and the extent of nerve damage caused by spinal compression. Early and accurate diagnosis, along with appropriate treatment, are crucial for the best possible outcome.