As a pet science enthusiast and a cat parent myself, I’ve always been fascinated by the intricacies of our feline friends’ respiratory systems. Just like us, kittens are equipped with a fully functional respiratory system right from birth, which plays a crucial role in their overall health and well-being.
Introduction to the Respiratory System
The respiratory system in cats is a complex yet efficient network that includes the nares (nostrils), nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and the lungs. Much like humans, cats have two lungs, each divided into sections known as lobes. The bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which eventually lead to the alveoli, where the critical exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
The Breathing Process
When our cats take a breath, fresh air travels through the nasal passage, down the pharynx and larynx, and into the trachea. The air then continues its journey through the bronchi and into the lungs, where it reaches the alveoli for gas exchange. The used air is then expelled through the same path, in reverse order, exiting through the nose or mouth.
Breathing is a simple yet vital process, facilitated by the rib muscles and the diaphragm. The diaphragm, a large internal muscle, separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. As it contracts and moves towards the abdomen, it creates a negative pressure, drawing fresh air into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes and moves forward, it compresses the lungs, forcing the used air out.
Functions of the Respiratory System
The cat’s respiratory system serves two primary functions. Firstly, it facilitates the exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen, ensuring the cat’s cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly. Secondly, it acts as a unique cooling system. Unlike humans, cats lack sweat glands and cannot lower their body temperature through perspiration. Instead, they rely on increased breathing rates (panting) to exchange warm air for cooler air, and the evaporation of moisture within the respiratory system to cool down.
Respiratory Disorders in Cats
While cats can be born with respiratory disorders, many develop these conditions later in life. Common respiratory issues include feline asthma, bronchitis, chylothorax, neoplasia, fungal lung disease, bacterial lung disease, and viral lung disease. These conditions often result from an infection, chronic exposure to allergens, or a mass that has spread from another part of the body into the lungs. Early intervention by a veterinarian is key to treating many lung diseases in cats.
Conclusion
Understanding the respiratory system of our feline companions is not only fascinating but also essential for ensuring their health and well-being. By being aware of the common respiratory disorders and their causes, we can take proactive steps to provide our cats with the best possible care.
Article by: Race Foster, DVM & Oneal Bogan, DVM